Thought to depict Daihachi (Daijinbo), the antagonist of “Mukashi-gatari Uguisuzuka” (The Tale of the Bush Warbler’s Grave; also known in Japanese as simply “Uguisuzuka”). The actor playing the role is Ōtani Tomoemon IV.
“Mukashi-gatari Uguisuzuka” is a play based on Ritsujōtei Kiran’s reading book, and tells the story of Sasaki Gennosuke, who becomes the husband of the chief's daughter, Umegae, after he rescues her bush warbler (bird), and then, with the help of the warbler, avenges his parents' enemies.
The background is thought to be a reference to the Tsutaya edition of the Tōkaidō series by Utagawa Hiroshige, based on the depiction of the torii gate in the center of the screen and the pine tree in front of the gate.